Analisis Kualitas Fisik dari Silase Chicory dan Onggok dalam Berbagai Rasio dengan Tambahan EM4 dan Tanin Sebagai Aditif
Abstract
Increased livestock products challenge farmers to make animal feed more efficient. The utilization of onggok as a by-product of tapioca processing that is rich in energy and chicory as a protein source forage that is ensiled with additional additives aims to improve each other's nutrient quality. This study was conducted to evaluate the results of the material mixture by observing its physical quality, including color, texture, aroma, presence of fungi, and pH value. A completely randomized design was conducted with 6 different treatments, consisting of different ratios of basic material mixtures and the addition of additives such as EM4 and tannin. The results showed that the ratio of chicory and onggok in silage had a significant effect on the color and texture of silage, but had no significant effect on the aroma and the presence of fungi. The addition of additives also significantly affects the color of silage due to the use of EM4, and has an insignificant effect on silage pH due to the addition of tannins which affect the activity of lactic acid bacteria.
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References
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Chen, L., Bao, X., Guo, G., Huo, W., Xu, Q., Wang, C., & Liu, Q. (2021). Treatment of alfalfa silage with tannin acid at different levels modulates ensiling characteristics, methane mitigation, ruminal fermentation patterns and microbiota. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 278, 114997. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.114997.
Dragomir, N., Horablaga, M., Moratu, N., Camen, D., Nectu, F., Dragos, M., Rechitean, D. (2018). Forage Chicory (Cichorium Intybus L.): An Alternative Source for Livestock Feeding. Research Journal of Agricultural Science 50(3): 33-36.
Gao, L., Guo, X., Wu, S., Chen, D., Ge, L., Zhou, W., Zhang, Q., & Pian, R. (2022). Tannin tolerance lactic acid bacteria screening and their effects on fermentation quality of stylo and soybean silages. Frontiers in Microbiology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.991387.
Greenhill, W. (1964). The buffering capacity of pasture plants with special reference to ensilage. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 15(4), 511. https://doi.org/10.1071/ar9640511.
Hasnaa M., A.T., Hanan A., A.E.A., & Deen, A.E.H.A.K.E. (2017). Utilization of chicory plant for supplementing some products. Current Science International 6(4): 777-787.
Ke, W., Zhang, H., Li, S., Xue, Y., Wang, Y., Dong, W., Cai, Y., & Zhang, G. (2022). Influence of Condensed and Hydrolysable Tannins on the Bacterial Community, Protein Degradation, and Fermentation Quality of Alfalfa Silage. Animals (Basel) 12(7): 831. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12070831.
Kung, L., Shaver, R.D., Grant, R.J., & Schmidt, R.J. (2018). Silage review: Interpretation of chemical, microbial, and organoleptic components of silages. Journal of Dairy Science 101(5): 4020-4033. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2017-13909.
Marhaeniyanto, E., Marawali, S.S., & Rinanti, R.F. (2022). Penggunaan Em4 Dan Aditif Berbeda Pada Silase Rumput Gajah (Pennisetum purpureum). Jurnal Ilmiah Fillia Cendekia, 7(2), 83. https://doi.org/10.32503/fillia.v7i2.2375.
Meng, H., Jiang, Y., Wang, L., Li, Y., Wang, S., Tong, X., & Wang, S. (2024). Dynamic Analysis of Fermentation Quality, Microbial Community, and Metabolome in the Whole Plant Soybean Silage. Fermentation 10(10), 535. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation10100535.
Mubarok, S.S., Rohayati, T., & Hernaman, I. (2018). Pengaruh Imbangan Protein dan Energi Terhadap Performa Domba Garut Betina. JANHUS Journal of Animal Husbandry Science 2(2): 22-31. https://doi.org/10.52434/janhus.v2i2.443.
Nahak, O.R., Tahuk, P.K., Bira, G.F., Bere, A., & Riberu, H. (2019). Pengaruh Penggunaan Jenis Aditif yang Berbeda terhadap Kualitas Fisik dan Kimia Silase Komplit Berbahan Dasar Sorgum (Shorgum bicolor (L.) Moench). JAS, 4(1), 3–5. https://doi.org/10.32938/ja.v4i1.649.
Patimah, T., Asroh, Intansari, K., Meisani, N.D., Irawan, R., & Atabany, A. (2021). Kualitas Silase dengan Penambahan Molasses dan Suplemen Organik Cair (Soc) di Desa Sukamju, Kecamatan Cikeusal. Jurnal Pusat Inovasi Masyarakat 2: 88-92.
Raguati, Darlis, Afzalani, Ningsi, Z., Hoesni, F., & Musnandar, E. (2022). Pengaruh Lama Ensilase dan Aras Bioaktivator EM4 terhadap Kualitas Fisik dan Kandungan HCN Silase Kulit Ubi Kayu (Manihot utilissima Pohl). Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi 22(1): 510-516. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/jiubj.v22i1.2152.
Rahayu, I.D., Zalizar, L., Widianto, A., & Yulianto, M.I. (2017). Karakteristik dan Kualitas Silase Tebon Jagung (Zea mays) Menggunakan Berbagai Tingkat Penambahan Fermentor yang Mengandung Bakteri Lignochloritik. Proceeding Seminar Nasional dan Gelar Produk. Malang. https://doi.org/10.30598/j.agrosilvopasture-tech.2023.2.1.202.
Rinaldi, S.T., Hendri, & Sadarman. (2023). Evaluasi Kualitas Fisiko-Kimia Silase Limbah Sayuran Menggunakan Sirup Komersial Afkir Sebagai Sumber Glukosa. Journal Science Innovation and Technology (SINTECH) 3(2), 23-31. https://doi.org/10.47701/sintech.v3i2.2950.
Riyanti, L. & Febriza, G. (2023). Kualitas fisik dan fraksi serat silase rumput Gajah (Pennisetum purpureum) dengan penambahan molasses dan probiotik. Jurnal Ilmu Peternakan Terapan 7(1): 10-17. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25047/jipt.v7i1.3894.
Sadarman, Febrina, D., Wahyono, T., Mulianda, R., Qomariyah, N., Nurfitriani, R.A., Khairi, F., Desraini S., Zulkarnain, Prastyo, A.B., & Adli, D.N. (2022). Kualitas Fisik Silase Rumput Gajah dan Ampas Tahu Segar dengan Penambahan Sirup Komersial Afkir. Jurnal Ilmu Nutrisi dan Teknologi Pakan, 20(2), 73 - 77. https://doi.org/10.29244/jintp.20.2.73-77.
Soekanto, L., Subur, P., Soegoro, M., Riastianto, U., Muridan, Soedjadi, Soewondo, R., Toha, M., Soediyo, Purwo, S., Musringan, Sahari, M., & Astuti. (1980). Laporan Proyek Konservasi Hijauan Makanan Ternak Jawa Tengah. Direktorat Bina Produksi, Direktorat Jenderal Peternakan, Departemen Pertanian dan Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta.
Stepanova, G.V. & Volovik, M.V. (2021). Dependence of the buffer capacity on the chemical composition of dry matter of alfalfa. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 901 012044. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/901/1/012044.
Syahniar, T.M., Ridla, M., Jayanegara, A., & Samsudin, A.A. (2018). Effects of glycerol and chestnut tannin addition in cassava leaves (Manihot esculenta Crantz) on silage quality and in vitro rumen fermentation profiles. Journal of Applied Animal Research 46(1): 1207-1213. https://doi.org/10.1080/09712119.2018.1485568.
Tahuk, P.K., Bira, G.F., & Taga, H. (2020). Physical Characteristics Analysis of Complete Silage Made of Sorghum Forage, King Grass and Natural Grass. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 466 012022. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/465/1/012022.
Utomo, R., Budhi, S.P.S., & Astuti, I.F. (2013). Pengaruh Level Onggok Sebagai Aditif Terhadap Kualitas Silase Isi Rumen Sapi. Buletin Peternakan 37(3): 173-180. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21059/buletinpeternak.v37i3.3089.
Vidyana, I.N.A., Tantalo, S., & Liman. (2014). Survei Sifat Fisik dan Kandungan Nutrien Onggok Terhadap Metode Pengeringan yang Berbeda di Dua Kabupaten Provinsi Lampung. Jurnal Ilmiah Peternakan Terpadu 2(2): 58-62. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jipt.v2i2.p%25p.
Wati, W.S., Mashudi, & Irsyammawati, A. (2018). Kualitas Silase Rumput Odot (Pennisetum purpureum cv.Mott) dengan Penambahan Lactobacillus plantarum dan Molases pada Waktu Inkubasi yang Berbeda. Jurnal Nutrisi Ternak Tropis, 1(1), 45 - 53. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jnt.2018.001.01.6.
Yohanista, M., Sofjan, O., & Widodo, E. (2014). Evaluasi nutrisi campuran onggok dan ampas tahu terfermentasi Aspergillus niger, Rizhopus oligosporus dan kombinasi sebagai bahan pakan pengganti tepung jagung. Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Peternakan 24(2): 72-83.
Zhang, Z., Li, F., Li, F., Wang, Z., Guo, L., Weng, X., Sun, X., He, Z., Meng, X., Liang, Z., & Li, X. (2025). Influence of Dietary Forage Neutral Detergent Fiber on Ruminal Fermentation, Chewing Activity, Nutrient Digestion, and Ruminal Microbiota of Hu Sheep. Animals 15(3), 314. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15030314.
Banakar, P.S., Kumar, A.N., Shashank, C.G., & Lakhani, N. (2018). Physically Effective in Ruminant Nutrition: A Review. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 7(4): 303-308.
Borreani, G., Tabacco, E., Schmidt, R.J., Holmes, J., & Muck, E. (2018). Silage review: Factors affecting dry matter and quality losses in silages. Journal of Dairy Science 101: 3952-3979. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2017-13837.
Chen, L., Bao, X., Guo, G., Huo, W., Xu, Q., Wang, C., & Liu, Q. (2021). Treatment of alfalfa silage with tannin acid at different levels modulates ensiling characteristics, methane mitigation, ruminal fermentation patterns and microbiota. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 278, 114997. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.114997.
Dragomir, N., Horablaga, M., Moratu, N., Camen, D., Nectu, F., Dragos, M., Rechitean, D. (2018). Forage Chicory (Cichorium Intybus L.): An Alternative Source for Livestock Feeding. Research Journal of Agricultural Science 50(3): 33-36.
Gao, L., Guo, X., Wu, S., Chen, D., Ge, L., Zhou, W., Zhang, Q., & Pian, R. (2022). Tannin tolerance lactic acid bacteria screening and their effects on fermentation quality of stylo and soybean silages. Frontiers in Microbiology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.991387.
Greenhill, W. (1964). The buffering capacity of pasture plants with special reference to ensilage. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 15(4), 511. https://doi.org/10.1071/ar9640511.
Hasnaa M., A.T., Hanan A., A.E.A., & Deen, A.E.H.A.K.E. (2017). Utilization of chicory plant for supplementing some products. Current Science International 6(4): 777-787.
Ke, W., Zhang, H., Li, S., Xue, Y., Wang, Y., Dong, W., Cai, Y., & Zhang, G. (2022). Influence of Condensed and Hydrolysable Tannins on the Bacterial Community, Protein Degradation, and Fermentation Quality of Alfalfa Silage. Animals (Basel) 12(7): 831. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12070831.
Kung, L., Shaver, R.D., Grant, R.J., & Schmidt, R.J. (2018). Silage review: Interpretation of chemical, microbial, and organoleptic components of silages. Journal of Dairy Science 101(5): 4020-4033. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2017-13909.
Marhaeniyanto, E., Marawali, S.S., & Rinanti, R.F. (2022). Penggunaan Em4 Dan Aditif Berbeda Pada Silase Rumput Gajah (Pennisetum purpureum). Jurnal Ilmiah Fillia Cendekia, 7(2), 83. https://doi.org/10.32503/fillia.v7i2.2375.
Meng, H., Jiang, Y., Wang, L., Li, Y., Wang, S., Tong, X., & Wang, S. (2024). Dynamic Analysis of Fermentation Quality, Microbial Community, and Metabolome in the Whole Plant Soybean Silage. Fermentation 10(10), 535. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation10100535.
Mubarok, S.S., Rohayati, T., & Hernaman, I. (2018). Pengaruh Imbangan Protein dan Energi Terhadap Performa Domba Garut Betina. JANHUS Journal of Animal Husbandry Science 2(2): 22-31. https://doi.org/10.52434/janhus.v2i2.443.
Nahak, O.R., Tahuk, P.K., Bira, G.F., Bere, A., & Riberu, H. (2019). Pengaruh Penggunaan Jenis Aditif yang Berbeda terhadap Kualitas Fisik dan Kimia Silase Komplit Berbahan Dasar Sorgum (Shorgum bicolor (L.) Moench). JAS, 4(1), 3–5. https://doi.org/10.32938/ja.v4i1.649.
Patimah, T., Asroh, Intansari, K., Meisani, N.D., Irawan, R., & Atabany, A. (2021). Kualitas Silase dengan Penambahan Molasses dan Suplemen Organik Cair (Soc) di Desa Sukamju, Kecamatan Cikeusal. Jurnal Pusat Inovasi Masyarakat 2: 88-92.
Raguati, Darlis, Afzalani, Ningsi, Z., Hoesni, F., & Musnandar, E. (2022). Pengaruh Lama Ensilase dan Aras Bioaktivator EM4 terhadap Kualitas Fisik dan Kandungan HCN Silase Kulit Ubi Kayu (Manihot utilissima Pohl). Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi 22(1): 510-516. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/jiubj.v22i1.2152.
Rahayu, I.D., Zalizar, L., Widianto, A., & Yulianto, M.I. (2017). Karakteristik dan Kualitas Silase Tebon Jagung (Zea mays) Menggunakan Berbagai Tingkat Penambahan Fermentor yang Mengandung Bakteri Lignochloritik. Proceeding Seminar Nasional dan Gelar Produk. Malang. https://doi.org/10.30598/j.agrosilvopasture-tech.2023.2.1.202.
Rinaldi, S.T., Hendri, & Sadarman. (2023). Evaluasi Kualitas Fisiko-Kimia Silase Limbah Sayuran Menggunakan Sirup Komersial Afkir Sebagai Sumber Glukosa. Journal Science Innovation and Technology (SINTECH) 3(2), 23-31. https://doi.org/10.47701/sintech.v3i2.2950.
Riyanti, L. & Febriza, G. (2023). Kualitas fisik dan fraksi serat silase rumput Gajah (Pennisetum purpureum) dengan penambahan molasses dan probiotik. Jurnal Ilmu Peternakan Terapan 7(1): 10-17. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25047/jipt.v7i1.3894.
Sadarman, Febrina, D., Wahyono, T., Mulianda, R., Qomariyah, N., Nurfitriani, R.A., Khairi, F., Desraini S., Zulkarnain, Prastyo, A.B., & Adli, D.N. (2022). Kualitas Fisik Silase Rumput Gajah dan Ampas Tahu Segar dengan Penambahan Sirup Komersial Afkir. Jurnal Ilmu Nutrisi dan Teknologi Pakan, 20(2), 73 - 77. https://doi.org/10.29244/jintp.20.2.73-77.
Soekanto, L., Subur, P., Soegoro, M., Riastianto, U., Muridan, Soedjadi, Soewondo, R., Toha, M., Soediyo, Purwo, S., Musringan, Sahari, M., & Astuti. (1980). Laporan Proyek Konservasi Hijauan Makanan Ternak Jawa Tengah. Direktorat Bina Produksi, Direktorat Jenderal Peternakan, Departemen Pertanian dan Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta.
Stepanova, G.V. & Volovik, M.V. (2021). Dependence of the buffer capacity on the chemical composition of dry matter of alfalfa. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 901 012044. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/901/1/012044.
Syahniar, T.M., Ridla, M., Jayanegara, A., & Samsudin, A.A. (2018). Effects of glycerol and chestnut tannin addition in cassava leaves (Manihot esculenta Crantz) on silage quality and in vitro rumen fermentation profiles. Journal of Applied Animal Research 46(1): 1207-1213. https://doi.org/10.1080/09712119.2018.1485568.
Tahuk, P.K., Bira, G.F., & Taga, H. (2020). Physical Characteristics Analysis of Complete Silage Made of Sorghum Forage, King Grass and Natural Grass. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 466 012022. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/465/1/012022.
Utomo, R., Budhi, S.P.S., & Astuti, I.F. (2013). Pengaruh Level Onggok Sebagai Aditif Terhadap Kualitas Silase Isi Rumen Sapi. Buletin Peternakan 37(3): 173-180. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21059/buletinpeternak.v37i3.3089.
Vidyana, I.N.A., Tantalo, S., & Liman. (2014). Survei Sifat Fisik dan Kandungan Nutrien Onggok Terhadap Metode Pengeringan yang Berbeda di Dua Kabupaten Provinsi Lampung. Jurnal Ilmiah Peternakan Terpadu 2(2): 58-62. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jipt.v2i2.p%25p.
Wati, W.S., Mashudi, & Irsyammawati, A. (2018). Kualitas Silase Rumput Odot (Pennisetum purpureum cv.Mott) dengan Penambahan Lactobacillus plantarum dan Molases pada Waktu Inkubasi yang Berbeda. Jurnal Nutrisi Ternak Tropis, 1(1), 45 - 53. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jnt.2018.001.01.6.
Yohanista, M., Sofjan, O., & Widodo, E. (2014). Evaluasi nutrisi campuran onggok dan ampas tahu terfermentasi Aspergillus niger, Rizhopus oligosporus dan kombinasi sebagai bahan pakan pengganti tepung jagung. Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Peternakan 24(2): 72-83.
Zhang, Z., Li, F., Li, F., Wang, Z., Guo, L., Weng, X., Sun, X., He, Z., Meng, X., Liang, Z., & Li, X. (2025). Influence of Dietary Forage Neutral Detergent Fiber on Ruminal Fermentation, Chewing Activity, Nutrient Digestion, and Ruminal Microbiota of Hu Sheep. Animals 15(3), 314. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15030314.
Published
21-06-2025
How to Cite
Jauhari, A., Hidayat, R., Setiyatwan, H., Mayasari, N., Mushawwir, A., Setiawan, M., & Yanza, Y. (2025). Analisis Kualitas Fisik dari Silase Chicory dan Onggok dalam Berbagai Rasio dengan Tambahan EM4 dan Tanin Sebagai Aditif. Jurnal Pertanian Terpadu, 13(1), 105-114. https://doi.org/10.36084/jpt.v13i1.614
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