Pengaruh Ragam Sumber Silika Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Ketahanan Tanaman Padi Terinfeksi Rhizoctonia solani
Keywords:
rice plant, Rhizoctonia solani, Silica
Abstract
Silica (Si) has ability to increase the plant resistance against pathogen infections. The research was aimed to determine the effect of various sources of Si in increasing resistance of rice plants infected by R. Solani and the plant growth. The Si sources were consisted of control (without silica source), rice husk ash, rice straw ash, hydrophilic silica (SiO2), and silica sand. The observed variables were incubation period, disease intensity, infection rate, AUDPC, plant height, number of leaves, number of tillers, root length, root fresh weight, saponin content, tannin content, total phenol content, epidermal thickness, and stomata density. The result showed that Si application from several ingredients was not able to increase the plant growth, but it was able to support the development of root and leaf. Meanwhile, silica application from several materials was able to increase the resistance of rice plants to against the pathogen R. solani, although it was unable to suppress the incubation period. Rice straw ash was able to increase various kinds of growth variables such as number of leaves, root length, root fresh weight and was able to increase the phenolic compound content and thickness of the epidermis of rice leaves, but had not been able to suppress the pathogen R. solani. SiO2 is able to suppress the development of sheath blight, which is able to reduce the incubation period of up to 5.5 days, a low infection rate of 0.0418 / day, and a relatively low disease intensity of 9.26%.
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References
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Prasetyo, T. B., Darfis, I., & Fitri, R. (2008). Pengaruh Pemberian Abu Sekam Sebagai Sumber Silika (Si) Bagi Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Tanaman Padi (Oriza sativa l.). Jurnal Solum, 5(1), 43–49. https://doi.org/10.25077/js.5.1.43-49.2008
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Rahmawati, I. D., Purwani, K. I., & Muhibuddin, A. (2018). Pengaruh Konsentrasi Pupuk P Terhadap Tinggi dan Panjang Akar Tagetes erecta L. (Marigold) Terinfeksi Mikoriza Yang Ditanam Secara Hidroponik. Jurnal Sains Dan Seni ITS, 7(2), 4–8. https://doi.org/10.12962/j23373520.v7i2.37048
Sakr, N. (2016). Silicon control of bacterial and viral diseases in plants. Journal of Plant Protection Research, 56(4), 331–336. https://doi.org/10.1515/jppr-2016-0052
Saothongnoi, V., Amkha, S., Inubushi, K., & Smakgahn, K. (2014). Effect of rice straw incorporation on soil properties and rice yield. Thai Journal of Agricultural Science, 47(1), 7–12.
Seebold, K. W., Kucharek, T. A., Datnoff, L. E., Correa-Victoria, F. J., & Marchetti, M. A. (2001). The influence of silicon on components of resistance to blast in susceptible, partially resistant, and resistant cultivars of rice. Phytopathology, 91(1), 63–69. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO.2001.91.1.63
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Suharti, W. S., Nose, A., & Zheng, S. H. (2016). Metabolite profiling of sheath blight disease resistance in rice: In the case of positive ion mode analysis by CE/TOF-MS. Plant Production Science, 19(2), 279–290. https://doi.org/10.1080/1343943X.2016.1140006
Sumartini. (2012). Penyakit tular tanah (Sclerotium rolfsii dan Rhizoctonia solani) pada tanamn kacang-kacangan dan umbi-umbian serta cara pengendaliannya. Jurnal Litbang Pertanian, 31(1), 27–34.
Syahadat, R. M., & Aziz, S. A. (2012). Pengaruh Komposisi Media dan Fertigasi Pupuk Organik Terhadap Kandungan Bioaktif Daun Tanaman Kemuning (Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack) di Pembibitan. Buletin Penelitian Tanaman Rempah Dan Obat, 23(2), 142–147. https://doi.org/10.21082/bullittro.v23n2.2012.%25p
Vasanthi, N., Saleena, L. M., & Raj, S. A. (2014). Silicon in crop production and crop protection -A review. Agricultural Reviews, 35(1), 14. https://doi.org/10.5958/j.0976-0741.35.1.002
Wahyuti, T. B., Purwoko, B. S., Junaedi, A., & Abdullah, B. (2013). Hubungan Karakter Daun dengan Hasil Padi Varietas Unggul. Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia, 41(3), 181–187. https://doi.org/10.24831/jai.v41i3.8094
Wang, M., Gao, L., Dong, S., Sun, Y., Shen, Q., & Guo, S. (2017). Role of silicon on plant–pathogen interactions. Frontiers in Plant Science, 8, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.00701
Wang, W., Yu, Z., Zhang, W., Shao, Q., Zhang, Y., Luo, Y., Jiao, X., & Xu, J. (2014). Responses of rice yield, irrigation water requirement and water use efficiency to climate change in China: Historical simulation and future projections. Agricultural Water Management, 146, 249–261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2014.08.019
Balai Penelitian Tanah. (2010). Mengenal Silika sebagai Unsur Hara. Warta Penelitian Dan Pengembangan Pertanian, 32(3), 19–20.
Budi, M. B. S., & Majid, A. (2018). Potensi Kombinasi TrichodermaSP dan Abu Sekam Padi sebagai Sumber Silika dalam Meningkatkan KetahananTanaman Jagung (Zea mays) terhadap Serangan Penyakit Bulai (Peronosclerospora maydis). Pembangunan Pertanian Dan Peran Pendidikan Tinggi Agribisnis:Peluang Dan Tantangan Di Era Industri 4.0, (November), 732–747. Retrieved from https://jurnal.unej.ac.id/index.php/prosiding/article/view/8985
Dama, H., Aisyah, S. I., & Dewi, A. K. (2020). Respon Kerapatan Stomata dan Kandungan Klorofil Padi ( Oryza sativa L .) Mutan terhadap Toleransi Kekeringan. Jurnal Ilmiah Aplikasi Isotop Dan Radiasi, 16(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.17146/jair.2020.16.1.5689
Dewi, I. M., Cholil, A., & Muhibuddin, A. (2013). Hubungan karakteristik jaringan daun dengan tingkat serangan penyakit blas daun (Pyricularia oryzae Cav.) pada beberapa genotipe padi (Oryza sativa L.). Jurnal HPT, 1(2), 10–18.
Fauteux, F., Rémus-Borel, W., Menzies, J. G., & Bélanger, R. R. (2005). Silicon and plant disease resistance against pathogenic fungi. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 249(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.femsle.2005.06.034
Fitriani, H. P., & Haryanti, S. (2016). Pengaruh Penggunaan Pupuk Nanosilika Terhadap Pertumbuhan Tanaman Tomat (Solanum lycopersicum) var.Bulat. Buletin Anatomi Dan Fisiologi, 24(1), 34–41. https://doi.org/10.14710/baf.v24i1.11691
Freedman, J., & MacKenzie, D. R. (1991). Disease progress curves, their mathematical description and analysis to formulate predictors for loss equation. In: P.S. Teng (Eds). Journal of Crop Loss Asessment and Pest Management, :37-48.
Hanudin, H., & Marwoto, B. (2012). Prospek Penggunaan Mikroba Antagonis Sebagai Agens Pengendali Hayati Penyakit Utama Pada Tanaman Hias Dan Sayuran. Jurnal Penelitian Dan Pengembangan Pertanian, 31(1), 30898. https://doi.org/10.21082/jp3.v31n1.2012.p
Harahap, F. S., Walida, H., Oesman, R., Rahmaniah, R., Arman, I., Wicaksono, M., Harahap, D. A., & Hasibuan, R. (2020). Pengaruh Pemberian Abu Sekam Padi Dan Kompos Jerami Padi Terhadap Sifat Kimia Tanah Ultisol Pada Tanaman Jagung Manis. Jurnal Tanah Dan Sumberdaya Lahan, 7(2), 315–320. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jtsl.2020.007.2.16
Hématy, K., Cherk, C., & Somerville, S. (2009). Host–pathogen warfare at the plant cell wall. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 12(4), 406–413. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi.2009.06.007
IRRI. (2014). Standard Evaluation System for Rice. IRTP. IRRI. 5ed. Los Banos, Philippines.
Jeger, M. J., & Viljanen-Rollinson, S. L. H. (2001). The use of the area under the disease-progress curve (AUDPC) to assess quantitative disease resistance in crop cultivars. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 102(1), 32–40. https://doi.org/10.1007/s001220051615
Lattanzio, V., Lattanzio, V. M. T., & Cardinali, A. (2006). Role of phenolics in the resistance mechanisms of plants against fungal pathogens and insects. In Phytochemistry: Advance in Research (Vol. 661).
Liferdi, L. (2010). Efek Pemberian Fosfor Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Status Hara Pada Bibit Manggis. Jurnal Hortikultura, 20(1), 18–26.
Makarim, A. K., Suhartatik, E., & Kartohardjono, A. (2007). Silikon: Hara Penting pada Sistem Produksi Padi. Iptek Tanaman Pangan, 2(2), 195–204.
Milati, L. N., & Nuryanto, B. (2019). Periode Kritis Pertumbuhan Tanaman Padi terhadap Infeksi Penyakit Hawar Pelepah dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Hasil Gabah. Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan, 3(2), 61–66. https://doi.org/10.21082/jpptp.v3n2.2019.p61-66
Nugroho, B. (2009). Peningkatan Produksi Padi Gogo Dengan Aplikasi Silikat Dan Fosfat Serta Inokulasi Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskular Pada Ultisol. Tesis. Sekolah Pascasarjana Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor.
Nursyamsi, D., & Setyorini, D. (2009). Ketersediaan P Tanah-Tanah Netral dan Alkalin. Jurnal Tanah Dan Iklim, (30), 25–36.
Nuryanto, B. (2018). Pengendalian Penyakit Tanaman Padi Berwawasan Lingkungan Melalui Pengelolaan Komponen Epidemik. Jurnal Penelitian Dan Pengembangan Pertanian, 37(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.21082/jp3.v37n1.2018.p1-8
Pourmorad, F., Hosseinimehr, S. J., & Shahabimajd, N. (2006). Antioxidant activity, phenol and flavonoid contents of some selected Iranian medicinal plants. African Journal of Biotechnology, 5(11), 1142–1145. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-987042
Prasetyo, T. B., Darfis, I., & Fitri, R. (2008). Pengaruh Pemberian Abu Sekam Sebagai Sumber Silika (Si) Bagi Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Tanaman Padi (Oriza sativa l.). Jurnal Solum, 5(1), 43–49. https://doi.org/10.25077/js.5.1.43-49.2008
Putri, F. M., Suedy, S. W. A., & Darmanti, S. (2017). Pengaruh Pupuk Nanosilika Terhadap Jumlah Stomata , Kandungan Klorofil dan Pertumbuhan Padi Hitam (Oryza sativa L . cv . japonica ). Buletin Anatomi Dan Fisiologi, 2(1), 72–79. https://doi.org/10.14710/baf.2.1.2017.72-79
Rahmawati, I. D., Purwani, K. I., & Muhibuddin, A. (2018). Pengaruh Konsentrasi Pupuk P Terhadap Tinggi dan Panjang Akar Tagetes erecta L. (Marigold) Terinfeksi Mikoriza Yang Ditanam Secara Hidroponik. Jurnal Sains Dan Seni ITS, 7(2), 4–8. https://doi.org/10.12962/j23373520.v7i2.37048
Sakr, N. (2016). Silicon control of bacterial and viral diseases in plants. Journal of Plant Protection Research, 56(4), 331–336. https://doi.org/10.1515/jppr-2016-0052
Saothongnoi, V., Amkha, S., Inubushi, K., & Smakgahn, K. (2014). Effect of rice straw incorporation on soil properties and rice yield. Thai Journal of Agricultural Science, 47(1), 7–12.
Seebold, K. W., Kucharek, T. A., Datnoff, L. E., Correa-Victoria, F. J., & Marchetti, M. A. (2001). The influence of silicon on components of resistance to blast in susceptible, partially resistant, and resistant cultivars of rice. Phytopathology, 91(1), 63–69. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO.2001.91.1.63
Sinaga, M. S. (2003). Dasar-Dasar Ilmu Penyakit Tumbuhan. Depok: Penebar Swadaya.
Soesanto, L., Mugiastuti, E., & Rahayuniati, R. F. (2011). Uji Lapangan Formula Cair Pseudomonas fluorescens P60 terhadap Layu Fusarium pada Tanaman Tomat. Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia, 17(2), 82–90. https://doi.org/10.22146/jpti.9830
Song, A., Xue, G., Cui, P., Fan, F., Liu, H., Yin, C., Sun, W., & Liang, Y. (2016). The role of silicon in enhancing resistance to bacterial blight of hydroponic- and soil-cultured rice. Scientific Reports, 6, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep24640
Suharti, W. S., Nose, A., & Zheng, S. H. (2016). Metabolite profiling of sheath blight disease resistance in rice: In the case of positive ion mode analysis by CE/TOF-MS. Plant Production Science, 19(2), 279–290. https://doi.org/10.1080/1343943X.2016.1140006
Sumartini. (2012). Penyakit tular tanah (Sclerotium rolfsii dan Rhizoctonia solani) pada tanamn kacang-kacangan dan umbi-umbian serta cara pengendaliannya. Jurnal Litbang Pertanian, 31(1), 27–34.
Syahadat, R. M., & Aziz, S. A. (2012). Pengaruh Komposisi Media dan Fertigasi Pupuk Organik Terhadap Kandungan Bioaktif Daun Tanaman Kemuning (Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack) di Pembibitan. Buletin Penelitian Tanaman Rempah Dan Obat, 23(2), 142–147. https://doi.org/10.21082/bullittro.v23n2.2012.%25p
Vasanthi, N., Saleena, L. M., & Raj, S. A. (2014). Silicon in crop production and crop protection -A review. Agricultural Reviews, 35(1), 14. https://doi.org/10.5958/j.0976-0741.35.1.002
Wahyuti, T. B., Purwoko, B. S., Junaedi, A., & Abdullah, B. (2013). Hubungan Karakter Daun dengan Hasil Padi Varietas Unggul. Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia, 41(3), 181–187. https://doi.org/10.24831/jai.v41i3.8094
Wang, M., Gao, L., Dong, S., Sun, Y., Shen, Q., & Guo, S. (2017). Role of silicon on plant–pathogen interactions. Frontiers in Plant Science, 8, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.00701
Wang, W., Yu, Z., Zhang, W., Shao, Q., Zhang, Y., Luo, Y., Jiao, X., & Xu, J. (2014). Responses of rice yield, irrigation water requirement and water use efficiency to climate change in China: Historical simulation and future projections. Agricultural Water Management, 146, 249–261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2014.08.019
Published
04-06-2021
How to Cite
Suharti, W., Bahtiar, J., & Kharisun, K. (2021). Pengaruh Ragam Sumber Silika Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Ketahanan Tanaman Padi Terinfeksi Rhizoctonia solani. Jurnal Pertanian Terpadu, 9(1), 26-39. https://doi.org/10.36084/jpt.v9i1.297
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Copyright (c) 2021 Woro Sri Suharti, Juvri Bahtiar, Kharisun Kharisun
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